Books
Single Author
In-text
According to Zirpoli (2008) .... OR
It has been suggested that ... (Zirpoli, 2008)
Reference List
Zirpoli, T. J. (2008). Behavior management: Applications for teachers (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.
Two Authors
In-text
Cox and Gould (1998) found that ....
OR
Research indicates ... (Cox & Gould, 1998)
Reference List
Cox, R. C., & Gould, M. H. (1998). Civil engineering heritage: Ireland. London: Thomas Telford.
Three, Four or Five Authors
In-text
As discussed by Hall, Timothy, and Duval (2007) OR
Research indicates ... (Hall, Timothy, & Duval, 2007)
- Cite all authors the first time. In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year, e.g.
As discussed by Hall et al. (2005)
Reference List
Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J., & Duval, D. T. (2007). Safety and security in tourism: Relationships, management and marketing. Mumbai, India: Jaico Publishing House.
Six or more Authors
In-text
Roeder et al. (1967) found OR
Research indicates ... (Roeder et al., 1967)
Reference List
Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., Peterson, R., et. al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behaviour. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- After the sixth author's surname and initial, use et al. to indicate remaining authors.
Book Chapter
In-text
As discussed by Smith (2006) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Smith, 2006)
Reference List
Smith, M.L. (2006). Multiple methodology in education research. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli & P. B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 457-475). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Editor names are not inverted.
Edited Book
In-text
Rsearch indicates ... (Friedman, 1998) ... OR
According to Friedman (1998) ...
Reference List
Friedman, H. S. (Ed.). (1998). Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Different Editions
In-text
According to Gray (2002) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Gray, 2002) ...
Reference List
Gray, P. (2002). Psychology (4th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
- Edition number is placed after the title of the work. This is not necessary if it is the first edition.