Books
Single Author
In-text
According to Zirpoli (2008) .... OR
It has been suggested that ... (Zirpoli, 2008)
Reference List
Zirpoli, T. J. (2008). Behavior management: Applications for teachers (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.
Two Authors
In-text
Cox and Gould (1998) found that ....
OR
Research indicates ... (Cox & Gould, 1998)
Reference List
Cox, R. C., & Gould, M. H. (1998). Civil engineering heritage: Ireland. London: Thomas Telford.
Three, Four or Five Authors
In-text
As discussed by Hall, Timothy, and Duval (2007) OR
Research indicates ... (Hall, Timothy, & Duval, 2007)
- Cite all authors the first time. In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year, e.g.
As discussed by Hall et al. (2005)
Reference List
Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J., & Duval, D. T. (2007). Safety and security in tourism: Relationships, management and marketing. Mumbai, India: Jaico Publishing House.
Six or seven authors
In-text
Roeder et al. (1967) found OR
Research indicates ... (Roeder et al., 1967)
Reference List
Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., & Peterson, R. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behaviour. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Include all names in the Reference List.
Eight or more authors
In-text
Barrett et al. (2001) argue OR
Research indicates ... (Barrett et al., 2001)
Reference List
Barrett, J. M., Smith, V., Wilson, R. T., Haley, V. A., Clarke, P., Palmer, N. B., ... Fraser, D. (2001). How to cite references in APA style. Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury Library.
- When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors' names, then insert three dots and add the last author's name.
Book Chapter
In-text
As discussed by Smith (2006) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Smith, 2006)
Reference List
Smith, M.L. (2006). Multiple methodology in education research. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli & P. B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 457-475). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Editor names are not inverted.
Edited Book
In-text
Research indicates ... (Friedman, 1998) ... OR
According to Friedman (1998) ...
Reference List
Friedman, H. S. (Ed.). (1998). Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Different Editions
In-text
According to Gray (2002) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Gray, 2002) ...
Reference List
Gray, P. (2002). Psychology (4th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
- Edition number is placed after the title of the work. This is not necessary if it is the first edition.
Electronic book
Add either a retrieval statement with the URL of the web site or the doi, this takes the place of the publisher location and name e.g.
Author, A. A. (1999). Title of book. Retrieved from http://www.XXXX OR
Author, A. A. (1999). Title of book. doi: XXXX
Electronic book chapter
Add either a retrieval statement with the URL of the web site or the doi, this takes the place of the publisher location and name e.g.
Author, A. A. (2000). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. XXX-XXX). Retrieved from http://www.xxxx OR
Author, A. A. (2000). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. XXX-XXX). doi:XXXXX
Examples:
Lisle, D. (2010). Joyless cosmopolitans: The moral economy of ethical tourism. In J. Best & M. Paterson (Eds.), Cultural political economy (pp. 139-157). Retrieved from: http://reader.eblib.com.au
Jordan, K. (2004). Gender role. In S. Loue & M. Sajatovic (Eds.), Encyclopedia of women's health (pp. 276-278). doi:10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_174